A study on indonesian female migrant initiating entrepreneurship overseas
Keywords:
Indonesian Female, Life journey, Women Entrepreneur, MigrantAbstract
The Asian financial crisis in 1997 and 1998 experienced by Indonesia produced an imbalance in the labor market that created a gap between demand and job availability. Job competition for employment takes place in both formal and informal sectors. Skilled workers in the informal sector make the situation more challenging, resulting in a rugged case for unskilled workers, especially women. This situation encourages women to choose an overseas low-skilled job over the unemployed. They decide to leave the country for a better life, support their family's finances and job opportunities overseas with higher wages, gain property motivated by the success stories of other female migrant workers, and be influenced by family members or friends who have worked or are working abroad. However, on their way, the reality is not to the expectations. Some of them experienced many bad things unmentioned, so they decided to shift their careers into entrepreneurs. This paper presents findings on the crucial factors behind the decision to shift the job from their life stories, efforts to initiate the venture, and obstacles in starting and running the business in the host country with a different cultural background. Qualitative research was used in the study. In-depth exploratory interviews were conducted with three Indonesian female worker migrant entrepreneurs to obtain data related to this study proposed approach.
Downloads
References
(BPS), B. P. S. (2017). Analisis Ketenagakerjaan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (Employment Analysis of micro and small enterprises). Sensus Ekonomi 2016. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Abdullah, N., Maamor, S., Hassan, A. A. G., Abdullah, H., Hussin, F., & Jalil, A. Z. A. (2012). Foreign workers to entrepreneurs: A framework of job displacement model. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(10), 2–10.
Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.
Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W., & Tamvada, J. P. (2007). Religion and Entrepreneurship Jena Economic Research Paper, No 2007-075. Search In.
Brandellero, A. (2009). Crossing cultural boundaries? Migrants and ethnic diversity in the cultural industries.
Carter, S. L., Anderson, S., & Shaw, E. (2001). Women’s business ownership: A review of the academic, popular and internet literature.
Chen, K.-H. (2013). Community inhabitants’ attitudes on the partitioning of urban space derived from South-Eastern Asian migrant workers’ gathering in urban commercial area—A case study on Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Taichung City in Taiwan. Sociology Mind, 4(01), 15.
Firdausy, C. M. (2006). Indonesian labour migration after the 1997–98 Asian economic and financial crisis. In Mobility, labour migration and border controls in Asia (pp. 139–154). Springer.
Gundry, L. K., Miriam, B.-Y., & Posig, M. (2002). Contemporary perspectives on women’s entrepreneurship: A review and strategic recommendations. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 10(01), 67–86.
Heilbrunn, S., & Abu-Asbah, K. M. (2011). Disadvantaged and embedded: Arab women entrepreneurs in Israel. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(11).
Kaur, A. (2010). Labour migration trends and policy challenges in Southeast Asia. Policy and Society, 29(4), 385–397.
Kelley, D., Bosma, N. S., & Amorós, J. E. (2011). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2010 executive report.
Kirkwood, J. (2009). Motivational factors in a push‐pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management: An International Journal.
Lan, P.-C. (2006). Global cinderellas. Duke University Press.
Loveband, A. (2006). Positioning the product: Indonesian migrant women workers in Taiwan. In Transnational migration and work in Asia (pp. 89–103). Routledge.
Mattis, M. C. (2004). Women entrepreneurs: out from under the glass ceiling. Women in Management Review.
McGowan, P., Redeker, C. L., Cooper, S. Y., & Greenan, K. (2012). Female entrepreneurship and the management of business and domestic roles: Motivations, expectations and realities. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 53–72.
Melchert, P. (2017). Indonesian Migrants in Taiwan. Munster University, 1–57.
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23–48.
Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nuraeny, H. (2017). Trafficking of migrant workers in Indonesia: A legal enforcement and economic perspective of prevention and protection efforts.
Parker, B. J. (2010). A conceptual framework for developing the female entrepreneurship literature.
Poggesi, S., Mari, M., & De Vita, L. (2016). What’s new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 735–764.
Pratikto, R., Yazid, S., & Dewi, E. (2020). Enhancing the role of remittances through social capital: Evidence from Indonesian household data. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 29(1), 30–54.
Rafika, D. A., Syahri, I., & Susanti, R. (2018). Culture shock experienced by foreign workers. Archives of Business Research, 6(4).
Ramkissoon-Babwah, N. (2015). The dynamics of women entrepreneurs in Trinidad and Tobago-Motivations, challenges and recommendations to support their entrepreneurial development. International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies, 3(1), 33–42.
Silvey, R. (2004). Transnational domestication: State power and Indonesian migrant women in Saudi Arabia. Political Geography, 23(3), 245–264.
Spaan, E., & van Naerssen, T. (2018). Migration decision-making and migration industry in the Indonesia–Malaysia corridor. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(4), 680–695.
Susilo, S. (2016). Beberapa Faktor Yang Menentukan TKI Dalam Memilih Negara Tujuan Sebagai Tempat Bekerja, Studi Di Desa Aryojeding Kabupaten Tulungagung. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi, 21(2), 38–46.
Tambunan, T. (2009). Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries: Their development and main constraints. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 27–40.
Tambunan, T. (2019). Recent evidence of the development of micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 1–15.
wikipedia.org. (2020). Exploratory research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_research
Yuniarto, R. (2014). “ Making Connection”: Indonesian Migrant Entrepreneurial Strategies in Taiwan. Journal of Identity & Migration Studies, 8(1).
